February 21, 2008
Alfred Hitchcock and the Murder of the Movie Impersonators
by John Calendo
“Mother … my mother … um, what’s the phrase? She isn’t quite herself today.”
Anthony Perkins making a colossal understatement in Psycho

I have been haunted – too haunted to write about it — for the past few weeks by a spread that appears in the current issue of Vanity Fair.

Jodi Foster as Tippi Hedren in The Birds

It is a photo tribute in which present-day movie stars have been inserted into instantly recognizable stills from Alfred Hitchcock movies — movies I grew up on and whose hypnotic power still grabs hold of me today, even after a lifetime of multiple viewings.

This photo of Jodi Foster impersonating Tippi Hedren in The Birds, for instance, conveys the blasphemous charm of these recreated stills, disquieting, in their own way, as much for the things they get “wrong” as for the things they get “right.” (The entire spread, which is not on the Vanity Fair site, can be seen here.)

On the plus side, there is a technical bravura in the Jodi Foster shot, as in almost all the Vanity Fair photos, that shows how much diligence and reverence was taken with these modern reproductions: The weathered look of the surroundings, the steel-toned color palette, the pink flesh stark against the blues — all bring mid-century Hitchcock fabulously back to life. What is wrong, so instructively wrong, is the pleading, warmly human face of Jodi Foster.

Tippi Hedren in The Birds

This is not mid-century Hitchcock.

Though Tippi Hedren looks just as fully engaged in the original shot at right , you need to see her in action to realize how exquisitely arch and contrived her performance is. And this is exactly what Hitchcock wanted.

After Grace Kelly deserted him (as he surely saw it) for marriage to a minor princeling (Hitchcock was notorious for unhealthy infatuations with his leading ladies), the great director decided he wanted nothing more to do with stars if he could help it. Stars came with built-in associations, the baggage of past roles, and were vibrant personas that connected with audiences. Hitchcock, however, was picking up something new in the air. He wanted something much more radical, stars who didn’t connect, stars who conveyed a modern isolation.

The director now pointedly chose actresses who had a tendency to appear wooden and uninflected on the screen — limited actresses whose hollow resonances helped define his particular kind of morally vague blonde: Soulless, blank-eyed (think of Janet Leigh driving in Psycho), they were embodiments of modern anomie, of existential emptiness.

And so we come to the superb vacancy of Tippi Hedren that the much-too-Oscared Jodi can’t quite touch. Hedren is Hitchcock’s most minimalist actress, one who conveyed emotions by her rate of blinking. When she is under massive attack in The Birds, she simply blinks more fiercely.

One of the persistent questions in the film is why the birds attack the humans in the first place. Hitchcock gives no reason, allowing audiences to shift uneasily in their seats as the screen is clawed into chaos. The film’s finale, with Tippi and company inching gingerly toward a gull-covered convertible with its fragile canvas roof, captures the jittery tempo of the paranoid, post-atomic 1960’s, a touch that remains so endurably modern that the film is just as radical today — and yet as right-on — as the “unsatisfying” nowhere ending of No Country for Old Men: Things happen. For no reason. Deal with it.

Blink

But I, after many viewings, do know the reason why the birds attack: And her name is Tippi. Beautifully blond and envelope thin, Tippi Hedren in The Birds is a creature of high-fashion artifice, of the elegant long neck and uncomfortable twisted positions favored by the Vogue photographer. An artifice so thorough that nature is thrown into an uproar and rises in outrage to attack her.

As a smug, soulless playgirl, the Hedren character is the alien invader, a threat and a competitor, who with her contrived angularity vies for the mantle of ultimate beauty, offering something more polished and machine-geared than the organic, messy circles of nature. And so she must be stopped, and the gulls swoop down, in a famous sky-high shot, to rip her apart with talon and beak, banging with fervor into the glass phone booth where she has taken shelter, cracking the glass and setting off gasoline fires and exploding cars and wild runaway horses: a sly and never-to-be-forgotten Hitchcockian tableau of the Biblical Apocalypse.

Like I say, I go a little off my nut for Hitchcock movies.. When I look at the Vanity Fair reproductions — Jodi Foster is the one closest at hand — I think of Gus Vant Sant’s laborious scene-by-scene remake of Psycho, a noble experiment that simply didn’t fly, much like the absurd Dodo bird, which the film resembled.

In that film Anne Heche did what Jodi is doing, what good actresses are suppose to do. She warmed up the role Janet Leigh played, showing thoughts and emotions crossing her face — and it was a disaster. The shell-shocked Janet was much more provocative. Leigh’s motivations were simply left out of the original until much later when, almost in a script afterthought, we learn she stole the money to run away with the beyond-beautiful John Gavin (a reason to rob any bank at any time).

Under Hitchcock’s direction the actress never “tips” us to the fact that she might be something more complex than a automaton. The numb starey Janet, the icy Tippi (in both The Birds and particularly Marnie, where she is not only an automaton and compulsive thief but sexually frigid as well), the sleekly distant Eva Marie Saint in North by Northwest (available but so fashionably uninvolved) added the right note of blank-eyed post-atomic existentialism — and this coolness is the crucial ingredient that is missing in all the Vanity Fair recreations.

All except one.

Charlize Theron as Grace Kelly in Dial M for Murder

But before I get to it, I must acknowledge Charlize Theron’s spot-on Grace Kelly in Dial M for Murder (at left), the most technically accurate impersonation in the bunch.

The actress’s warmth is not an error here, for Hitchcock had not yet made the turn. In Hitchcock’s Grace Kelly trilogy, his women are still women and not disturbed ideas about women. And Theron, like Kelly, conveys a warmly simmering sexuality that is loaded with 50’s propriety and sensual authenticity: it’s all happening just below the skin.

Still, good as the verisimilitude is, it’s an easy job. The Dial M heroine is not jammed up like — and here is my exception — Kim Novak in Vertigo, magically and against all odds conjured up — no other word for it — by Renee Zellweger. (below)

I am not alone in finding Vertigo Hitchcock’s most profound and unintentionally personal film. Hitchcock, a mannered director of great high style, steps out from behind the black humor and droll cleverness — almost by accident, it would seem — to create a passionate woman and a male lead that has an unhealthy attraction to her.

Perhaps it was because the director detested working with Kim Novak, felt she was pushed on him by her boyfriend, the studio chief at Universal, that he couldn’t see what his left hand was doing. Here in Vertigo was Hitchcock’s own convoluted sexual history on full Technicolor display: his cloying, suffocating infatuations with leading ladies past. And he showed this infatuation without sympathy, for the unhealthy — literally morbid — thing it was. I won’t be giving anything away but fans of the film will know what I mean when I say: James Stewart can only love Kim Novak when he believes she is a dead woman, whether by ghostly possession or painstaking imitation.

In fact, Kim Novak is fantastic in the role. With the snowy whiteness of her skin and dreamy, somnambulant way of exhaling her role, she gives a beautiful, melancholy performance, all soft and bosomy and troubled. In the middle of Hitchcock’s Ice Age, his era of the shell-shocked albino blond with the blanked-out soul, Kim emerges as a full-blown neurotic, spending the first 20 minutes sleep-walking around a quaintly romantic San Francisco as a woman under a trance. And then in the second half waking from that trance in all her vulgar, broken humanity. (I can never visit that city without picking up a heavy Vertigo vibe from its Old California streets and strangely malevolent doll-house trappings.)

Renee Zellweger does an amazing Kim Novak in Vertigo

And it is exactly Kim Novak’s otherworldly essence that Renee Zellweger has captured and distilled in — most amazing of all — a still photo.

Though Zellweger looks nothing like Kim Novak — in fact, in this picture, feature for feature, she reminds me of a lean Simone Signoret — yet I feel Vertigo, I feel Kim.

The amazing thing about Renee Zellweger is that, in fact, she is not beautiful. At rest, her face — well, it reminds me of a boiled potato. Yet she has, through some force of the actor’s will, conjured the essence of beauty without really delivering the content.

She serves up the platonic idea of Kim Novak. Just as in Chicago, during a dream sequence when she appears in a spangley, clinging gown on a black set, she served up the platonic idea of Marilyn Monroe.

Platonic ideas is what the Vanity Fair spread is really about , conjuring up a sense of the films without doing outright drag impersonations of them. And for the most part, the photos succeed. Even paunchy Seth Rogan finds an unexpected — one would have thought impossible — point of contact with the eternally elegant Cary Grant, whom he impersonates running from the crop-duster in that famous corn field from North by Northwest. Certainly, the most avant-garde image of the lot, bold in its risk, transcendent in its victory.

That’s the funny thing about platonic ideas: they always promise more than they deliver. And while foreplay is always fun, a little goes a long way. Time to break out the DVDs and watch the originals.

Kim, Jimmy, I’m coming.

©2008 Nightcharm

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16 Responses to 'Alfred Hitchcock and the Murder of the Movie Impersonators'
  1. Shawn Baker remarks:

    Fascinating that my fave actress Naomi Watts (robbed of an Oscar for Mulholland Drive wherein she played both the Hollywood dream self and the broken real thing alluded to above) incarnates Marnie for the spread, coincidentally also my fave Hitchcock heroine/film. I think it’s the most marginalized and misunderstood of all his works, with Hedren doing the exact opposite of her performance in The Birds and giving her best as a woman alive with darkness and pain. I’d go so far as to say hers is the best performance of all his leading ladies.

    I have to also give Sean Connery credit for essaying Hitch’s best male lead, a suave pervert who can’t keep his hands off a woman who can’t bear to be touched. It’s the rare Hitchcock movie that’s not just about the man’s obsession; the titular lady is full of mysteries of her own. Note the director’s insistence that her fist name be billed as ‘Tippi’ (single quotes only, please). It was his way of branding her as his “creation”, but it also implies an ironic sense of her being in disguise and hiding an actual self underneath the artifice. He ultimately lost control of her on screen and off.

    For all the reminiscing about the days of Old Hollywood, I do find it sometimes very flat and artificial character-wise, almost oppressive in its blankness and conformity. Watts took no small amount of flak from all the Lost Boys of the world when she played another iconic lady — Ann Darrow — in King Kong. Wilting, hysterical, perpetually swooning Fay Wray seems to be the kind of fantasical mother figure that so many men wish for, the sort the Hayes Code was intent on defining as pure and decent. Watts’ Darrow was by contrast jaded, embittered, forward-thinking, thirtysomething, a Chaplinesque tramp, a lovelorn jazz baby, a suicidal misantrope and a beautiful pervert. It’s clear that mythic movies truly do alter our perceptions of the world. Introduce a realistic woman into the equation and men everywhere clutch at their dicks in fear of losing them.

    A youthful spin on an old standard can sometimes lay bare the murky and oft-ugly assumptions beneath all the glamor and nostalgia. (link)


    February 21st, 2008 at 10:05 am
  2. robt remarks:

    Thanks, John. It’s been years since I’ve read a decent Hitchcock piece. Nice job.


    February 21st, 2008 at 1:11 pm
  3. Angelmonster remarks:

    Though I agree, nothing will be better then the originals I was really impressed with the spread in Vanity Fair. I dunno, I was never really a hard core Hitchcock fan, just someone who enjoyed his films. Still I have to agree with you the Renee Zellwiger Vertigo one is the best which surprises me because I really don’t like her.


    February 21st, 2008 at 1:20 pm
  4. jude remarks:

    Wow what an abortion of an idea. I agree – the Theron pic almost works – the rest are rather pathetic.
    Great piece!


    February 21st, 2008 at 3:49 pm
  5. jude remarks:

    That Jodie Foster pic is too much. I’ve done like 4 double takes. Eight in total.


    February 21st, 2008 at 3:50 pm
  6. fenomanalogy remarks:

    John,

    Why do you bury your wonderful essays among frat-boy solos and bareback porn arguments?

    Thanks for a good read.


    February 21st, 2008 at 6:01 pm
  7. chriso remarks:

    I have to agree with fenomanalogy, your writing needs to find it’s way to a broader audience. This is a brilliant piece and it makes me want to cancel all my plans and run home and watch a ton of Hitchcock films!


    February 21st, 2008 at 6:42 pm
  8. crux remarks:

    brilliant is the word. gives Hitchcock and his women their due.


    February 21st, 2008 at 8:51 pm
  9. mrpeenee remarks:

    What an astute piece of writing. Thank you for putting it together.


    February 21st, 2008 at 8:53 pm
  10. Will remarks:

    There aren’t enough superlatives to describe this article!


    February 23rd, 2008 at 12:19 pm
  11. Dan Johnson remarks:

    You’re right about the flatness of Hitch’s best leads, and you’re DEAD right about Tippi Hedren (”rate of blinking”… I will quote that forever). Slavoj Zizek says something pretty similar about the bird-attack, actually, in ‘The Pervert’s Guide to Cinema’… I think he ought to read this article. It would fill in the rest of his argument.

    Still, as much as I love you, you’re just wrong about Hitch’s abandonment of star power. Don’t forget that Julie Andrews did a Hitchcock pic as late as ‘Torn Curtain,’ fresh off of ‘Mary Poppins’ & ‘Sound of Music.’ Talk about baggage! That’s the picture, they say, that soured him on stars—but it was thanks to a willful Paul Newman. It was the psychological approach of modern stars he hated, the Hollywood clout, and yes, the warmth of affect…

    But NOT the ability to connect. I think you’re overstating the warmth of Grace Kelly’s performances, and understating the sympathetic qualities of, say, Doris Day in a movie like the ‘Man Who Knew Too Much’ remake he made just a little bit later. Both are cool and flat and gloriously unreal, but both are stars through and through, precisely because of their baggage, precisely because they connect.


    February 24th, 2008 at 9:46 am
  12. Dada remarks:

    Really interesting article. Thanks.


    February 24th, 2008 at 1:46 pm
  13. Wolf remarks:

    These are stunning shots, even with their flaws and inexact reproduction of the classic scenes. Beautiful photography.


    February 25th, 2008 at 6:02 pm
  14. Sam remarks:

    Nice pics,..I didn’t like the psycho spread, though. It did not all convey the essense of the scene. But so much has followed that era, (pointless oversexualization, melodromatics, indiscriminate violence, shallow desires) that how could it? In this post-clockwork orange, materialistic world, how could we ever find enough innocence or subtlety?

    As far as “The Birds,” to me the film has always felt like the gods coming down upon the stupidity and weakness of man. Their looks of confusion and fear were the same I guess on the faces of adam and eve when they were expelled from the garden.


    February 27th, 2008 at 9:42 am
  15. James remarks:

    Great article. And since you linked John Gavin, let me just say, that opening scene in Psycho was explosive to me. I first saw it as a child in the early 70’s and I was shocked that I knew what was going on, they had just had sex! And that shirtless John Gavin with all that silky-looking chest hair was so alluring and I didn’t know why. I couldn’t wait for that scene every time I saw the movie.


    February 27th, 2008 at 10:09 am
  16. Rooks remarks:

    Though I find the effort interesting, no one will ever be able to prove that anyone can do anything concerning movies like in the past. Movies of the past required talent. Not just skill and distinction. Actors and actresses now are more physically superior with no core and thus resulting in 2-D characters, with distinctions which are more “defects” than “uniqueness”. There is more grandeur in the unseen and felt, rather than the shown and exposed. Mind you, I don’t say all of them are. Upon that thin line between the “Realistic, practical world” and the “theatrical, dramatic representation” stood the great directors, actors, composers in cinemas. Nowadays one either gets too much of “Reality” or nothing but “Fiasco”. “Fiasco” being often conveniently entitled “Art”.


    March 8th, 2008 at 8:48 am

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